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Grammar — Study

Gerund & Infinitive

Verbs followed by -ing (waste, mind) vs verbs followed by 'to + infinitive' (need, want, able).

Practice (3)

After some verbs we use -ing (gerund); after others we use 'to + infinitive'. Some verbs allow both — sometimes with a change in meaning.

Verbs followed by -ing (gerund)

enjoy, mind, finish, suggest, avoid, keep, waste (time/money), stop (an activity), regret, deny.

  • You shouldn't waste time on this.
  • He hadn't better waste his time.
  • She doesn't have to take her medicine. ← infinitive after 'have to'

Verbs followed by 'to + infinitive'

want, need, hope, decide, plan, promise, try, agree, refuse, learn, able to, ready to.

  • Have you been able to work?
  • Steve must not need to stop wasting his precious time.

Stop + ing vs stop + to

'Stop smoking' = quit smoking. 'Stop to smoke' = pause to have a smoke. Same verb, different meaning.

Need / order to / so as to + infinitive

'In order to', 'so as to', 'so that' all express purpose — followed by an infinitive (or a clause for 'so that').