Erbil Citadel is an ancient mound at the centre of fast-growing Erbil. Humans have lived there for up to 8000 years — making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited places on Earth.
The mound — basic facts
The Citadel sits on a mound (a small hill) at the heart of the city. Its high walls ring the edge of a mound that already reaches 30 metres above the modern city — that's why it can be seen clearly for miles.
- Diameter: approximately 400 metres
- Area: about 102,000 square metres
- Volume: three (3) million cubic metres
- Height: 30 metres above the modern city
Who lived there and when
Silk Road merchants travelled this way for 1,500 years. The Citadel is one of the most dramatic sights anywhere in the Middle East, and they welcomed it as a landmark.
Buildings inside
Approximately 500 houses and other buildings stand inside the citadel walls. They are wonderful examples of (1) traditional architecture and (2) construction techniques.
Damage and restoration
In recent times there has sadly been a lot of damage. The Citadel is now nearly empty. Almost all the buildings need urgent repairs, and many may soon collapse. The archaeological remains below have been seriously damaged by water.
The 2010 programme
In early 2010, a $13-million programme of conservation repairs was agreed with UNESCO. HCECR and UNESCO both agree that the Citadel must not be allowed to die.
- $13 million programme
- Started: early 2010
- Partners: HCECR + UNESCO
Why this is important
The mound has never been properly investigated by archaeologists. It is thought that the remains of many cities lie one below another. As a result, the mound may hold important secrets about our ancient human past — secrets that are soon going to be discovered.